这里是标题一h1占位文字

In the 1980 s, several new division of labor models emerged in the electronics industry, including the IDM model, the Fabless model and the Fundary model.

Before TSMC was founded, there was only one IDM model in the semiconductor industry. The advantage of the IDM model lies in the internal integration of resources and the high profit margin.

IDM(IntegratedDeviceManufacture) mode, that is, one manufacturer independently completes the three major links of chip design, manufacturing and packaging. Intel, Samsung and Texas Instruments are the most representative IDM companies in the world.

Fabless (design company for fabless manufacturing) refers to a design company that focuses on chip design business, is only responsible for the circuit design and sales of chips, and outsources production, testing, packaging and other aspects of the design company, representing companies such as Qualcomm, Broadcom, NVIDIA, AMD, etc.

Foundry, or wafer foundry, refers to an enterprise that is only responsible for one or more links of manufacturing and sealing, not responsible for chip design, and can provide services to multiple design companies at the same time, representing TSMC, SMIC, Grosfangde and so on.

The division of labor between design and manufacturing has gradually prevailed, and the division of labor and cooperation between Fabless design companies that do not have their own factories and foundry companies that specialize in providing semiconductor production services has slowly developed.

The advantage of this division of labor is that design companies can avoid large-scale factory investment and focus more on chip design, while foundry companies rely on scale advantages to reduce production costs.

Japan's semiconductor companies do not adopt this design and manufacturing division of labor, still adhere to the vertical integration of production methods. The result of this is that when sales decrease, due to the huge investment in the early stage, depreciation expenses are still huge, resulting in pressure on corporate profits and affecting subsequent production and operations.